During which historical period did the Renaissance occur?

The Renaissance, a pivotal period in Western history marked by a resurgence of interest in art, science, and classical learning, occurred mainly from the 14th century to the 17th century. This era began in Italy and gradually spread throughout Europe, initiating a cultural rebirth that transitioned from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. The correct answer reflects the widely accepted timeframe during which many significant developments took place, including advancements in painting, literature, philosophy, and science, as well as the humanist movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and the value of individual experience.

The other options do not accurately capture the full span of the Renaissance. The 12th century to 15th century might suggest the beginnings of Renaissance thought, but it misses the later developments and culmination of this cultural movement. The 16th century to 18th century overlaps with the Renaissance but extends beyond its impactful conclusions, while the 10th century to 13th century falls well before the Renaissance began, focusing instead on the earlier medieval period. The timeframe provided in the correct choice encapsulates the breadth of transformation that defined the Renaissance.