What characterized the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution is primarily characterized by the extensive mechanization of production systems. This period, which began in the late 18th century, saw a significant shift from hand production methods and artisanal labor to machine-based manufacturing. Innovations such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom transformed industries, allowing goods to be produced at a much higher volume and lower cost than before. This mechanization not only improved efficiency but also led to the growth of factories, fundamentally changing labor practices and the economy.

This widespread adoption of technology laid the foundation for modern industrial societies, leading to increased urbanization and changes in social structures. The focus on mechanized production was a defining feature that set the Industrial Revolution apart from previous economic models, making option C the most accurate characterization of this transformative period.