What defines an authoritarian political system such as fascism?

An authoritarian political system, particularly one resembling fascism, is characterized by centralized control and a strong emphasis on loyalty to the state. In such systems, power is often concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small elite, and individual freedoms are typically suppressed in favor of state control. This means that the government imposes strict regulations on various aspects of life, including political dissent, media, and education, fostering an environment where loyalty to the state is paramount.

The emphasis on loyalty to the state often manifests in nationalistic rhetoric and policies, creating a sense of unity that is enforced through propaganda and potentially violent means. Such ideological frameworks downplay or outright reject democratic values and processes, leaving no space for significant opposition or pluralism.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the characteristics of an authoritarian regime. Complete electoral participation suggests active citizen involvement in governance, which is contrary to the repressive nature of authoritarianism. Minimal government intervention in the economy implies a laissez-faire approach, which is again inconsistent with the state's centralized control seen in fascist systems. Finally, emphasizing individual rights over collective security aligns more closely with democratic ideals, which advocate for the protection of personal freedoms and civil liberties, fundamentally opposing the authoritarian approach that prioritizes the group's loyalty