What does the term "social stratification" refer to?

The term "social stratification" specifically refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals within a society based on various factors, predominantly wealth, power, and social status. This concept identifies how society is structured into different layers or strata, where individuals and groups have unequal access to resources and opportunities. Economic status often plays a significant role; for example, those with greater wealth typically possess more social influence and privileges. Additionally, this stratification can include aspects such as education, occupation, and even race or ethnicity, which contribute to the distinct positions individuals hold within society.

Understanding social stratification is crucial for analyzing social dynamics and inequalities, as it provides insight into how different groups interact and how social mobility can occur (or be restricted) within a community. The correct answer encapsulates these important elements that define social stratification as a concept within social studies.