What is a monarchy?

A monarchy is defined as a form of government where a single individual, known as a monarch, serves as the head of state. This individual typically ascends to the throne through hereditary means, meaning that the position is passed down through family lines. Monarchs often have significant authority and can exercise various powers, which may range from symbolic roles in constitutional monarchies to extensive powers in absolute monarchies.

This option emphasizes the central role of the monarch, distinguishing it from other political systems where power is distributed among elected representatives or where citizens engage directly in decision-making. The structure of a monarchy can vary widely depending on the country's constitution and laws, but the key defining element is the presence of a monarch at the helm of governance, either as a ceremonial or ruling figure.