What is the term for a policy that involves extending a country's political and economic control over distant lands?

The concept being described is best represented by imperialism, which is the policy of extending a nation’s authority and influence through diplomacy or military force over foreign territories. This often involves occupying those territories or establishing a sphere of influence, where the dominating country seeks to control the political and economic systems of the dominated regions.

Imperialism can manifest in various forms, including colonialism, which is the establishment of settlements and direct control over a territory. However, imperialism is the broader term that encompasses not only colonialism but also other methods of exerting dominance without necessarily establishing direct political control, such as through economic exploitation or political pressure.

Militarism refers specifically to the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. Nationalism is the sense of pride and identity one has for their nation, often leading to a desire for independence or self-governance, rather than an expansionist policy over distant lands.

Thus, imperialism accurately captures the essence of extending control over distant lands, making it the correct choice in response to the question.